La gramática española

Los tiempos del indicativo

In this section, we explain the use and conjugation rules of the indicative verb tenses.

Los tiempos del subjuntivo

In this section, we explain the use and conjugation rules of the subjunctive tenses.

Comparación de tiempos verbales

There are many verb tenses in Spanish, and some of them are used in very similar situations to refer to the past, present, or future, where the time reference, perspective, or communicative intention of the speaker changes. In this section, we offer a comparative explanation of the verb tenses that pose the most challenges for Spanish learners and an overview of all the tenses.

Verbos

Here you will learn how to use the verbs ser and estar, haber and tener, as well as the gerund, the participle, reflexive verbs, periphrases, the passive, the imperative, modal verbs, and verbs of change.

Sustantivos

In Spanish, nouns have gender (masculine or feminine, e.g., el perro, la casa) and number (singular or plural). Plurals are usually formed by adding an s or -es to the end of the word.

Artículos

In Spanish, nouns are usually accompanied by articles. Articles always agree with the noun in gender and number. There are two types of articles in Spanish: definite articles and indefinite articles. (la/el/los/las and un/una/unos/unas).

Pronombres

Pronouns replace nouns (el niño - él). There are different types of pronouns in Spanish: personal, possessive, reflexive, relative, interrogative, demonstrative, and indefinite.

Adjetivos

Adjectives define or qualify a noun (the red house, the fast car). Adjectives in Spanish always agree in gender and number with the noun they refer to and also serve to compare the degree to which they express a quality (the best, faster than).

Adverbios

Adverbs accompany a verb, an adjective, or another adverb and provide information about, for example, the quantity, place, time, or way in which something occurs (here, yesterday, unfortunately, much).

Preposiciones

Prepositions are short words (in, on). Their use varies in each language, so it's best to memorize them and use them in combination with the item they accompany (wooden spoon, to work on).

Estructura de la oración

Spanish sentences are made up of a series of elements that can be combined in different ways. This section is dedicated to the formation of affirmative, negative, interrogative, relative, conditional, impersonal sentences, and indirect speech.